GENETIC LAB SOLUTIONS FOR A

Genetic tests with clinical utility are those that provide actionable information that can directly influence medical decisions, patient management, or health outcomes.

These tests go beyond identifying genetic changes — they offer meaningful insights that can:

• Confirm or clarify a diagnosis
• Predict disease risk before symptoms appear
• Guide treatment choices based on genetic profiles
• Support decisions about preventive care or surveillance
• Identify appropriate therapies or avoid harmful medications

In other words, clinical utility means the test results make a difference in how a patient is cared for.

Examples of Genetic Tests with Clinical Utility:

• Hereditary Cancer Panels
  Help determine cancer risk and guide early detection strategies.
• Pharmacogenetic Testing (PGx)
  Identifies how a patient may respond to specific medications to reduce adverse effects and improve efficacy.
• Cardiogenetic Panels
  Detect inherited heart conditions and help prevent sudden cardiac events.
• Neurological Genetic Testing
  Aids in the diagnosis of epilepsy, movement disorders, or neurodevelopmental delays.
• Immunology & Endocrinology Panels
  Help explain autoimmune or hormonal conditions with a genetic basis.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, all of our panels are curated based on genes with validated clinical utility, ensuring that the information we provide is relevant, reliable, and useful for healthcare providers and patients alike.

The services provided by Precision Diagnostics Laboratory are ideal for individuals and healthcare professionals seeking accurate, reliable, and personalized genetic insights to support diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Our services are designed for:

• Physicians and Specialists
  Looking to enhance diagnostic accuracy, identifying hereditary risk factors, and guide precision-based treatments across specialties such as oncology, cardiology, endocrinology, neurology, and more.
• Patients with a Family History of Genetic Disorders
  Who want to assess their genetic risk and make informed health decisions.
• Individuals with Unexplained Medical Symptoms
  Who have gone through traditional testing without a clear diagnosis.
• People Considering Certain Medications
  Who may benefit from pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing to determine the safest and most effective treatment options.
• Couples Planning a Family or Expecting a Child
  Interested in carrier screening and assessing the risk of inherited conditions.
• Healthcare Facilities, Clinics, and Hospitals
  That seek a trusted partner for advanced genetic testing services with quick turnaround and expert support.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we empower clinicians and patients with the tools to take control of health through advanced, next-generation genetic testing.

Precision Diagnostics Laboratory supports:

• Doctors & Specialists
  Seeking accurate genetic insights for diagnosis and treatment.
• Patients with a Family History
  Concerned about hereditary health risks.
• Undiagnosed Cases
  Where symptoms remain unexplained after standard testing.
• Patients Starting New Medications
  Who want to know how their genes affect drug response (PGx).
• Expecting Parents
  Looking to understand inherited risks before or during pregnancy.
• Clinics & Medical Centers
  In need of reliable, fast, and clinically meaningful genetic testing.

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is the most comprehensive form of genetic testing available. It involves decoding 100% of a person’s DNA, including all genes and the regions between them.

Unlike targeted panels or exome sequencing, which analyze specific parts of the genome, WGS provides a complete view of a person’s genetic makeup — offering deeper insights into inherited conditions, complex diseases, and rare variants.

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is an advanced technology that allows for the rapid and accurate analysis of DNA. Unlike traditional genetic testing methods that analyze one gene at a time, NGS can examine hundreds or even thousands of genes simultaneously.

This high-throughput method enables the detection of genetic variations that may be linked to hereditary disorders, cancer, cardiovascular conditions, neurological diseases, and more — all in a single test.

Key Benefits of NGS:

• Comprehensive – analyzes multiple genes at once
• Precise – identifies even rare or subtle genetic mutations
• Efficient – faster turnaround time with rich genetic data
• Actionable – provides results that can guide diagnosis and treatment

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we use NGS to deliver clinically relevant, high-quality results that empower healthcare providers and patients to make informed decisions.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living organisms. It acts as a blueprint for how your body grows, develops, and functions.

Every cell in your body contains DNA, and it’s made up of segments called genes, which determine traits such as eye color, blood type, and — more importantly — your risk for certain diseases or how you respond to medications.

Understanding your DNA through genetic testing can:

• Help identify hereditary conditions
• Reveal your risk for certain diseases
• Guide personalized treatment plans
• Improve preventive care and early detection

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we analyze DNA using cutting-edge technology to provide accurate, meaningful insights that support better health outcomes.

Sequencing the entire genome — known as Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) — provides the most comprehensive view of a person’s genetic makeup. Unlike targeted panels or exome sequencing, which analyze only specific parts of the DNA, WGS reads 100% of your DNA, including both coding and non-coding regions.

Key Reasons to Sequence the Whole Genome:

• Uncover more answers
  WGS can detect rare or complex mutations missed by other tests — especially useful in undiagnosed or hard-to-explain conditions.
• One test, multiple insights
  A single WGS test can provide information about hereditary diseases, carrier status, pharmacogenomics, and more.
• Future reanalysis
  As science advances, WGS data can be reanalyzed without needing to retest, offering lifelong value.
• Personalized healthcare
  WGS supports truly precision medicine, enabling more accurate diagnoses, risk assessments, and treatment plans tailored to your DNA.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we offer Whole Genome Sequencing with expert clinical interpretation, delivering deep genetic insights that support better health decisions today — and into the future.

A genetic variant is a change or difference in the DNA sequence that makes each person unique. Most variants are harmless and simply contribute to normal differences like eye color or height.

However, some variants can affect how your body functions — including how you develop, how you respond to medications, or your risk for certain diseases.

Not All Variants Are Harmful

Genetic variants are grouped into categories based on their impact:

• Benign or Likely Benign
  These are harmless and don’t affect your health.
• Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic
  These are linked to disease and may increase your risk or explain certain symptoms.
• Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS)
  These are changes where the impact is not yet fully understood. More research or family testing may be needed.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, our expert team interprets each variant using clinical guidelines and evidence-based data, so your healthcare provider can make the best decision for your care.

Being a carrier of a genetic mutation is not necessarily bad. In fact, most carriers are healthy and have no symptoms of the condition they carry.

A carrier has one copy of a gene mutation associated with a genetic disorder, but because the other copy of the gene is normal, the person typically does not develop the disease.

Why Is Carrier Status Important?

Knowing your carrier status is valuable for:

• Family planning
  If both partners are carriers for the same condition, there’s a higher risk of passing it on to their children.
• Understanding inherited risks
  It can provide insight into your family’s health history or explain why a condition may appear in relatives.
• Informing other family members
  If you’re a carrier, other relatives might want to get tested too.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we offer advanced genetic testing to identify carrier status and help individuals and families make informed health decisions — with the support of expert genetic counselors when needed.

In most cases, no.

If you are a carrier of a genetic condition, it usually means you have one altered (mutated) copy of a gene, while the other copy is normal. For many genetic diseases — especially recessive disorders — carriers do not experience symptoms and will not develop the disease.

What Does It Mean to Be a Carrier?

• Carriers are typically healthy
  Most carriers never develop the associated condition.
• You can pass the mutation to your children
  If both biological parents are carriers for the same condition, there is a higher chance their child may inherit two copies of the mutation — and be affected by the disease.
• Some conditions can have mild or late-onset symptoms in carriers
  In rare cases, carriers may have subtle symptoms or increased risk, depending on the specific gene and condition.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, our genetic testing helps you understand your carrier status and what it means for your health and your family. Our team works closely with healthcare providers and genetic counselors to ensure you receive clear, supportive guidance based on your results.

Your genome — the complete set of your DNA — is mostly fixed for life. The sequence of your DNA in nearly all your cells remains the same from birth.

However, certain changes can occur over time, especially in specific cells or tissues. These changes are called somatic mutations, and they are not inherited or passed to your children.

When Can the Genome Change?

• As part of aging
  Cells naturally accumulate DNA changes over time, especially as they divide.
• Due to environmental factors
  Exposure to things like UV radiation, tobacco smoke, chemicals, or infections can cause DNA mutations in specific cells.
• In cancer development
  Many cancers are the result of acquired (somatic) mutations that occur in a specific group of cells.
• In response to certain medical treatments
  Some therapies (like chemotherapy) can affect DNA in dividing cells.

What Stays the Same?

Your inherited genetic code, found in every cell, remains stable and can be analyzed at any time for:

• Hereditary disease risk
• Carrier status
• Pharmacogenetic (PGx) insights

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we focus on identifying inherited genetic variations that affect health and medical care — while staying current with emerging science on how somatic mutations may also play a role.

The cost of genetic testing can vary widely depending on several key factors, including the type of test, its complexity, the technology used, and whether clinical interpretation is included.

Factors That Affect Genetic Test Pricing:

• Scope of the test
  • Single-gene tests are less expensive
  • Panel tests (testing multiple genes) cost more
  • Whole Exome or Whole Genome Sequencing involves advanced technology and deeper analysis, increasing the price
• Level of analysis required
  Tests that include comprehensive bioinformatics and expert clinical interpretation typically cost more but provide more actionable results.
• Turnaround time
  Stat or expedited testing often comes at a higher price.
• Technology platform
  The use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) or other high-throughput methods can affect pricing based on depth and coverage.
• Insurance coverage and billing
  Some tests may be partially or fully covered by insurance, while others may be billed outof-pocket depending on medical necessity and policy.
• Clinical utility
  Tests with clear relevance to patient care are often more cost-effective in the long term, as they can prevent unnecessary procedures or guide targeted treatments.

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we are committed to offering high-quality, clinically useful genetic tests at competitive prices — and we work with providers to ensure transparency and support throughout the process.

Chromosomes are structures inside your cells that carry your DNA — the genetic instructions that make you who you are. Each chromosome is made up of tightly coiled DNA containing many genes, which determine traits like your eye color, height, and even how your body functions.

Key Facts About Chromosomes:

• Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs
• You inherit one set from your mother and one from your father
• The 23rd pair determines biological sex (XX for females, XY for males)

Why Are Chromosomes Important in Genetic Testing?

Changes in chromosomes — such as extra, missing, or rearranged pieces — can lead to genetic disorders or health conditions, including:

• Down syndrome (extra chromosome 21)
• Turner syndrome (missing an X chromosome)
• Certain forms of cancer, caused by chromosomal mutations in specific cells

At Precision Diagnostics Laboratory, we analyze DNA at the gene level, but understanding chromosomes helps us see the bigger picture behind many genetic conditions.